This winter, a spike in norovirus cases is sweeping across the United States, according to the CDC. Known as the “vomiting bug,” norovirus is infamous for its highly contagious nature and its ability to spread through contaminated surfaces, food, water, or close contact with infected individuals.
Here’s what you need to know about this pesky virus—and how to avoid it.
A History of Norovirus
First spotted under an electron microscope in 1972, norovirus has proven itself a master of evolution. Over the years, scientists have discovered a wide variety of these viruses, several of which infect humans. Today, norovirus accounts for roughly half of all non-bacterial diarrhea cases worldwide.
Where It Strikes
Norovirus is a global menace, but some places are especially vulnerable. Daycares and nursing homes often see outbreaks because children under five, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems are at higher risk.
Crowded spaces amplify its spread. Epidemics have been reported at athletic events, on cruise ships, and even in entire villages. In 2024, hundreds in an Italian village were hospitalized during a major outbreak.
How It Spreads
Norovirus thrives in the human gastrointestinal tract, spreading through vomit, stool, and even contaminated surfaces. It’s incredibly resilient—just 10 virus particles can make you sick.
Common culprits include:
- Dirty Hands: A single touch of a contaminated surface, like a door handle, followed by eating can lead to infection.
- Shellfish: Harvested from polluted waters, shellfish often carry the virus.
- Drinking Water: In areas with compromised water systems, norovirus can seep into drinking supplies.
How Long Is It Contagious?
The most contagious period is during active symptoms—diarrhea and vomiting—but infected individuals can still spread the virus up to two days after symptoms disappear. In fact, the virus may linger in their system for two weeks or more.
Can Food Be a Carrier?
Absolutely. Fruits and vegetables fertilized with contaminated waste or handled by unwashed hands are common culprits. Even if you avoid direct contact with an infected person, contaminated food can bring the virus right back to your plate.
Treatment: A Waiting Game
There’s no cure for norovirus. Doctors focus on managing symptoms, especially dehydration, which is a serious concern for children and the elderly. Rest, hydration, and isolation are critical to recovery—and to preventing the virus from spreading.
Prevention: Your Best Defence
There’s no vaccine for norovirus, but these tips can significantly lower your risk:
- Wash Your Hands: Frequently and thoroughly, especially before eating or after using the bathroom.
- Disinfect Surfaces: Pay extra attention to door handles, remote controls, keyboards, and toilets.
- Handle Food Safely: Wash fruits and vegetables, peel them if possible, and cook thoroughly.
- Protect Caregivers: Use gloves, masks, and smocks when caring for an infected person.
One surprising potential ally? Lemon juice. While not scientifically proven yet, some evidence suggests its acidity might help keep the virus at bay.
Norovirus is ruthless, but with proper hygiene and a bit of caution, you can reduce your risk of catching this winter’s most unwelcome guest. Stay safe, stay clean—and maybe stock up on lemons.
